A great old-timey game-programming hack (2013)
https://blog.moertel.com/posts/2013-12-14-great-old-timey-game-programming-hack.html> Years ago, I was working at Video Seven, a now-vanished video adapter manufacturer, helping to develop a VGA clone. The fellow who was designing Video Seven’s VGA chip, Tom Wilson, had worked around the clock for months to make his VGA run as fast as possible, and was confident he had pretty much maxed out its performance. As Tom was putting the finishing touches on his chip design, however, news came fourth-hand that a competitor, Paradise, had juiced up the performance of the clone they were developing by putting in a FIFO.
> That was all he knew; there was no information about what sort of FIFO, or how much it helped, or anything else. Nonetheless, Tom, normally an affable, laid-back sort, took on the wide-awake, haunted look of a man with too much caffeine in him and no answers to show for it, as he tried to figure out, from hopelessly thin information, what Paradise had done. Finally, he concluded that Paradise must have put a write FIFO between the system bus and the VGA, so that when the CPU wrote to video memory, the write immediately went into the FIFO, allowing the CPU to keep on processing instead of stalling each time it wrote to display memory.
> Tom couldn’t spare the gates or the time to do a full FIFO, but he could implement a one-deep FIFO, allowing the CPU to get one write ahead of the VGA. He wasn’t sure how well it would work, but it was all he could do, so he put it in and taped out the chip.
> The one-deep FIFO turned out to work astonishingly well; for a time, Video Seven’s VGAs were the fastest around, a testament to Tom’s ingenuity and creativity under pressure. However, the truly remarkable part of this story is that Paradise’s FIFO design turned out to bear not the slightest resemblance to Tom’s, and didn’t work as well. Paradise had stuck a read FIFO between display memory and the video output stage of the VGA, allowing the video output to read ahead, so that when the CPU wanted to access display memory, pixels could come from the FIFO while the CPU was serviced immediately. That did indeed help performance—but not as much as Tom’s write FIFO.
[1] https://www.jagregory.com/abrash-black-book/#the-challenge-o...
For those unfamiliar with Monster Max (1994, Game Boy), it's basically the last of the British Isometric Platformers, a genre started by Knight Lore on ZX spectrum.
My first computer was the original 4K Color Computer (1981). I learned 6809 assembler on it and worked full time programming it for several years, while also running one of the largest users groups for it. Traveling to Coco trade shows around the country, I met many of the devs writing the most popular Coco games and the trick was definitely known by around Summer 1983 as that's when the first Rainbowfest was held and I heard about there.
Around 1983, Steve Bjork (MegaBug / Zaxxon Coco) told me the devs at DataSoft, the company behind some of the popular 1st party cartridge games Radio Shack sold, were using it. I also heard about it in 1984 from Tim Jenison (CocoMax). The earliest usage of the trick in a commercial game was probably in a Williams arcade game, either Defender (1981) or Joust (1982). A few years ago at the Hackers Conference Tim told me he'd once asked Eugene Jarvis (Joust, Defender) about it and Eugene told him after discovering it they'd nicknamed the trick "PUSH-U / PUL-Me." I confirmed this with Sam Dicker (Sinistar (1983), Defender) last year during the Amiga 040th anniversary at the Computer History Museum.
While the basic trick to do a fast software block image transfer was discovered separately by several 6809 programmers, I can't recall ever seeing the Direct Page (DP) register used with it before today. That and some of the other refinements in TFA are quite clever additions. I think the Coco's lack of any hardware sprites, tiles, scrolling or acceleration made Coco devs especially desperate, so we had to become masters of software blits with PSHU/PULS and software sprites with XOR. And since all this was happening before Usenet and dial-up BBSes were commonly available, there was no way to share cool tricks widely except printed books and magazines.
Fortunately, the 6809 made up for Radio Shack's penny-pinching design by being much faster than the 6502 and Z80, which were microcoded while the 6809 was implemented directly in logic gates. It's widely considered the most advanced of all the 8-bit CPUs with an especially elegant, orthogonal ISA supporting position independent, re-entrant, multitasking code and powerful indirect addressing modes. One little known bit of history is that Jef Raskin's team at Apple used the 6809 for the initial Macintosh prototypes before Steve Jobs managed to cut a steep discount deal with Motorola on the workstation-priced 68000 CPU. By 1981, Moto was probably starting to realize they'd been pricing their CPUs far too high, having lost the Apple II, Commodore PET, VIC-20, C64 and then IBM PC designs, despite having a better chip. Waking up just in time to win, arguably, the LAST big desktop computer CPU design... ever? Way to go Moto!
2013 Hacker News comments here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6913467