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It kinda skips over how large mainstream journals, with their restrictive and often arbitrary standards, have contributed to this. Most will refuse to publish replications, negative studies, or anything they deem unimportant, even if the study was conducted correctly.
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So much of this started with the rise of the peer-review journal cartel, beginning with Pergamon Press in 1951 (coincidentally founded by Ghislaine Maxwell's father). "Peer review" didn't exist before then, science papers and discussion was published openly, and scientists focused on quality not quantity.
I'm not sure that the system was ever that near to perfection: for example, John Maddox of Nature didn't like the advent of pre-publication peer review, but that presumably had something to do with it limiting his discretion to approve and desk-reject whatever he wanted. But in any case it (like other aspects of the cozy interwar and then wartime scientific world) could surely never have survived the huge scaling-up that had already begun in the post-war era and created the pressure to switch to pre-publication peer reivew in the first place.
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> coincidentally founded by Ghislaine Maxwell's father

A crazy world we live in where Robert Maxwell's daughter is more notorious than he is.

Fun fact, he almost got the worldwide console rights to Tetris back in the 80s, and tried going to Soviet officials to get those rights. To the point he's the antagonist of a recent "Tetris" movie that came out.
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Never knew of the guy but what a terrible sounding person from his Wikipedia at least.

Shit apple doesn’t fall far from the shit tree I guess.

Peer review existed before 1951 in the US at least. See for example Einstein’s reaction to negative reviews when he tried to publish in Physical Review in 1935 https://paeditorial.co.uk/post/albert-einstein-what-did-he-t...
>Pergamon Press in 1951 (coincidentally founded by Ghislaine Maxwell's father)

perhaps a bit off-topic, but what is coincidental about this and/or what is the relevance of Ghislaine Maxwell here?

It's useless, but I'm ashamed to admit I found this tiny piece of trivia interesting.
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I believe by saying it is coincidental they are saying there is probably no relevance, just an interesting piece of trivia, why put out this interesting piece of trivia? Because maybe someone will be able to make an argument of relevance.
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I imagine it's the interesting peculiarity that the same people seem to crop up over and over and over again. Six degrees of Kevin Bacon or something, except it's like one or two degrees. As George Carlin said, "it's a big club, and you ain't in it"

For example Donald Barr (father of twice-former US Attorney General Bill Barr) hiring college-dropout Jeffrey Epstein whilst headmaster at the elite Dalton School

Additional fun facts about Donald Barr: he served in US intelligence during WWII, and wrote a sci-fi book featuring child sex slaves

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Ghislaine's father (Robert Maxwell) was also a terrible person but for different reasons.

Robert Maxwell was a crook, he used pension funds (supposed to be ring-fenced for the benefit of the pensioners) to prop up his companies, so, after his slightly mysterious death it was discovered that basically there's no money to pay people who've been assured of a pension when they retire.

He was also very litigious. If you said he was a crook when he was alive you'd better hope you can prove it and that you have funding to stay in the fight until you do. So this means the sort of people who call out crooks were especially unhappy about Robert Maxwell because he was a crook and he might sue you if you pointed it out.

If you want to know more about the history of Pergamon Press there's a great Behind the Bastards episode on Robert Maxwell (Ghislaine Maxwell's father) - who himself was a scumbag in a variety of ways that were entirely distinct from Ghislaine Maxwell's brand of scumbaggery - that covers this. Might even be a multipart episode - it's a while since I've listened to it, but I have a feeling it's at least a two parter.
"Coincidental" means random, with no causal connection being explicitly claimed. It just means that two things share some characteristic (such as being relatives.) The thing that is coincidental is that the person who founded the company being discussed is also the father of another person who current events have brought into prominence.

It's why you would say something like "more than coincidental" if you were trying to make some causal claim, like one thing causing the other, or both things coming from the same cause.

So, "What is coincidental about that?" is a weird question. It reads as a rhetorical claim of a causal connection through asking for a denial or a disproof of one.

sorry.

what is the relevance to the discussion about journals and peer review is my main question.

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Some "fun" reading on the subject of Mr. Maxwell:

https://sarahkendzior.substack.com/p/red-lines

tl;dr He is the bridge that uncomfortably links Biden's former Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, to Jeffrey Epstein and Mossad. Hence, *gestures at the last couple of weeks and years*. Dude was just, like, Fraud Central, apparently.

>scientists focused on quality not quantity.

I know a PhD professor doing post doc or something, and he accepted a scientific study just because it was published in Nature.

He didn't look at methodology or data.

From that point forward, I have never really respected Academia. They seem like bottom floor scientists who never truly understood the scientific method.

It helped that a year later Ivys had their cheating scandals, fake data, and academia wide replication crisis.

When I read something in a textbook I blindly believe it, depending on the broader context and the textbook in question. Is that a bad thing?

People are constantly filtering everything based on heuristics. The important thing is to know how deep to look in any given situation. Hopefully the person you're referring to is proficient at that.

Keep in mind that research scientists need to keep abreast of far more developments than any human could possibly study in detail. Also that 50% of people are below average at their job.

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Academia has problems, like everywhere else. But that seems like a big extrapolation from just one professor.

Fake data—you can only get that type of scandal when people are checking the data. I’d be more skeptical of communities that never have that kind of scandal.

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Do you want issues of Nature and cell to be replication studies? As a reader even from within the field, im not interested in browsing through negative studies. It'll be great if I can look them up when needed but im not looking forward to email ToC alerts filled with them.

Also who's funding you for replication work? Do you know the pressure you have in tenure track to have a consistent thesis on what you work on?

Literally every single know that designs academia is tuned to not incentivize what you complain about. Its not just journals being picky.

Also the people committing fraud aren't ones who will say "gosh I will replicate things now!" Replicating work is far more difficult than a lot of original work.

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> Do you want issues of Nature and cell to be replication studies?

Hell yeah. We’re all trying to get that Nature paper. Imagine if you could accomplish that by setting the record straight.

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Maybe we need a journal completely dedicated to replication studies? It would attract a lot of attention I think.
Economics has the Journal of Comments and Replications in Economics: https://jcr-econ.org/
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And funding dedicated to replication studies.
paid by the original authors if their study fails to replicate
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Is there a viable career path for researchers who choose to focus on replication instead of novel discoveries? I assume replications are perceived as less prestigious, but it's also important work.
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Right, it seems that many of the weaknesses in the system exist because they serve the interests of journal publishers or of normal, legitimate-ish researchers, but in the process open the door to full-time system-hackers and pure fraudsters.
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Mainstream journals are complicit, but are not the biggest problem.

The biggest problem by far is modern society: Tenure, getting paid a livable wage as a researcher, not getting stack-ranked and eliminated from your organization all overindex on positive research results that are marketable. This "loss function" encourages scientific fraud of sorts.