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Gemini is essentially GopherS, Reticulum doesn't seem to operate at the same level (it is L3, like IP, from the look of it).

I hold the controversial opinion that encryption can be an anti-feature on the "small web". One of the reason is technical: encryption takes computing resources, and can hardly be made time proof, as it has to evolve in response to threats, and certificates tend to have expiration dates. The other is more philosophical: you use encryption when you want to share secrets: personal data, passwords, credit card numbers, etc... A system that doesn't support encryption doesn't support transfer of personal data, accounts or commercial transactions, which I believe is a good thing in this niche. There is no shortage of secure communication systems when you need one, let that niche stay a niche.

RNS doesn't really map to the OSI model very well. It takes up basically every layer, 2-6, although it does depend on how it's used. The image on https://linuxinabit.codeberg.page/blog/reticulum/ quite near the top explains the difference between Reticulum and, as an example, TCP fairly well.

Your point about not having encryption is really quite interesting to me. I would want to add some form of signing to prove something came from somewhere unaltered, but that would go against the idea.