Instacart doesn't need "100,000s of grocery delivery orders per minute".
There must be some 0s added for the sake of the story.
It might make 100k row level changes per minute, but that’s a different metric.
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1579091/000157909126...
No clue how a shopping cart or checkout flow would drastically increase database load. It should just be basic CRUD. Building a shopping cart is something every student makes. Pages in a web store can be cached relatively easily since items won't change often.
A primary DB with a few replicas and caching can go a really long way.
Could just be looking at the "orders" endpoint in their app which might also include incremental updates as shoppers get items from the store. It's a fairly ambiguous statement