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Surprisingly enough you don’t need Linux to learn about computers. You know that Macs have terminal?
The default Mac terminal environment is the Weetabix of UNIX-likes. You need GNU coreutils to do pretty much anything.
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I'm confused. Isn't coreutils a just small subset of even macOS's current zsh's builtins? What do you prefer about systemd to launchd? defaults seems like a convenient way to manage settings. Is it confusing for people from other operating systems?
Name one thing lacking in the utilities included with MacOS (which come from BSD).
`grep -P` kinda annoying. GNU has Perl-compatible regex, and BSD does not. You're reaching for `perl` or installing `ggrep` the moment you need a lookbehind.
BSD grep is the pure grep version though. Perl regex is unnecessary bloat.
Is it still shipping with that ancient bash, the awful Iterm and without a package manager? I haven't used OSX for a while.
No. Zsh is now standard, though it still included an old optional version of bash. Apple hates GPLv3 that's why they moved away from bash.

The terminal app is not iterm. But Apple's own Terminal.app

And no there's no package manager but there's brew and macports.

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The overwhelming majority of UNIX-like software isn't designed for BSD runtimes, to name one.
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So exactly eves “Unix like software” will kids be missing that prevents them from learning about computers?
The overwhelming majority of UNIX-like software is available in the package managers right now for major BSDs.
I ask for a specific example, and you respond with more generalities.
Aside from the BSD software, the Mac software, and all the software that’s actually POSIX-compliant (on purpose or by accident).