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The pivot to MTC is a big change in the infrastructure of https. I wish other browsers were at least mentioned in this blog post. I'm curious about the future of letsencrypt as well.
Discussed few weeks ago on https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/post-quantum-crypto-road... specifically "The path we're more interested in is Merkle Tree Certificates, currently in design at the PLANTS working group at IETF. Chrome has indicated that they anticipate this to be their preferred approach to PQC. We're following that very closely, and are likely to deploy MTCs if it looks like that design is going to be supported widely." according to Matthew McPherrin, Let's Encrypt staff
There are also Merkle ladders.

What is the difference between a Merkle Tree Certificate and a Merkle Ladder?

Is this correct?:

Without Merkle Tree Certificates, the per keypress overhead for e.g. jupyter_server would be something like 3.3 KB due to the PQ signatures.

Merkle Tree Certificates basically uses the same structure as Certificate Transparency today. Merkle Ladder uses a weird variation claimed to be useful to DNSSEC. I think it's rather just to seem novel ( https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/search/?submit=draft&id=dra... )