The First Sale doctrine was established by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1908 case Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Co._v._Straus>

The first US Public Library dates to 1848 (Boston).

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library>

The first public libraries ever dates to at least the 4th century BCE, with one known instance begun by Clearchus in Heraclea, on what is now the Black Sea coast of Turkey.

<https://research-bulletin.chs.harvard.edu/2017/09/11/clearch...>

More recently, and post-classical / Roman times, there is still the 1447 example of the Malatestiana Library.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatestiana_Library>

Public libraries significantly pre-date the First Sale doctrine by several measures.